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(1) Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) are our most traditional sources for power generation. The energy that's produced from any source other than fossil fuels is termed as alternative energy. Between the two sources, using alternative energy has a lower environmental impact.
(2) We now know that alternative energy sources are the sources we use to supplement or even replace traditional energy sources used for power generation. You could almost say the same thing about renewable energy sources. But there is one subtle difference between the two. All renewable energy sources fall under the category of alternative energy sources, but it doesn't work the other way around.
(3) That's because renewable energy sources are derived from naturally replenished sources or processes of Earth, such as the sun, wind, and water. We refer to these resources as renewable or sustainable since, unlike fossil fuels, this naturally occurring continual renewal makes them inexhaustible. However, alternative energy sources are exhaustible, and therefore not renewable. That's the difference!
(4) The equipment necessary to harness energy from alternative sources used to be so expensive that it wasn't practical for consumer use. However, thanks to increased demand, more experienced energy developers, competitive supply chains, improved renewable technologies, and enhanced energy efficiency capabilities, that's no longer the case.
(5) When it comes to energy efficiency, the leader of the renewable energy pack is wind energy. Behind wind comes geothermal energy, hydropower, nuclear energy, and then solar power. Wind power serves both individuals and entire communities. It is versatile, and can be produced from small-scale windmills or wind turbines on residential properties. It can also be produced from large-scale offshore wind farms in the ocean.
(6) We generate geothermal power by tapping into underground reservoirs of hot water and steam. Geothermal electricity can directly heat and cool buildings. Generated from the energy of moving water, hydroelectricity (also known as hydropower) is produced when water behind a dam causes turbine blades to move as it flows through an intake. The turbine blades then rotate a generator to produce electricity that is sent to power homes.
(7) Nuclear energy is created in the form of heat through the fission process of atoms. The initial fission process creates energy and triggers a chain reaction that repeats the process and generates more energy. In nuclear power plants, the heat that fission produces creates steam. The steam then rotates a turbine, which leads to the production of electricity.
(8) Solar power most commonly refers to the use of solar cells to create energy. On a small scale, you may see a few solar panels on a house roof used to produce energy for just that one home. On a larger scale, you may see a solar farm used as a power plant to produce electricity for its consumers.
Question & nswersÂ
(i) Which of the following statements best describes the difference between renewable energy sources and alternative energy sources?
Answer: (B) Renewable energy sources are inexhaustible whereas alternative energy sources could be exhaustible.
(ii) What is the tone of the writer in the given lines from paragraph (4)? Rationalize your response in about 40 words.
Answer: The tone of the writer is optimistic and positive. The writer highlights the progress made in alternative energy sources, emphasizing that advancements in technology, increased demand, and better supply chains have made these sources more accessible and practical for consumers.
(iii) Complete the sentence appropriately:
Answer: In the past, alternative energy sources were not used much by the consumers because the equipment necessary to harness energy from these sources was too expensive and impractical for consumer use.
(iv) The passage includes some words that are opposites of each other. From the sets (a) to (e) below, identify two sets of antonyms:
Answer: (b) exhaustible and inexhaustible, and (e) sustainable and exhaustible.
(v) Who is the leader of the renewable energy pack and why?
Answer: Wind energy is the leader of the renewable energy pack because it is versatile, serving both individual households and entire communities. It can be produced from small-scale windmills or large offshore wind farms, making it the most efficient renewable energy source.
(vi) Based on the reading of the passage, examine, in about 40 words, the difference between geothermal electricity and hydroelectricity.
Answer: Geothermal electricity is generated by tapping into underground reservoirs of hot water and steam, which can directly heat and cool buildings. Hydroelectricity, on the other hand, is produced by the movement of water through turbines in a dam, generating power as the water flows.
(vii) What is the message conveyed by the passage?
Answer: (C) There are plenty of renewable energy sources that can be used to replace traditional energy sources.
(viii) State whether the following statement is True or False with reference to the given extract:
Answer: True. Hydroelectricity as a renewable energy source is used for both residential and commercial purposes, as indicated by its ability to power homes and serve larger communities.
2. ead the following text and answer the questions that follow:
"Scouts and Guides Around the World"
(1) Many young people aged between 6 and 25 belong to the Scout movement. It is a worldwide organization, which was set up to help young people achieve their full potential as they grow up.
(2) The organization was established in 1907 by a British general called Robert Baden-Powell. While in the army, he wrote a publication about scouting (which means searching and keeping watch) and how to survive in the wild, called 'Aids to Scouting'. He realized how popular this was, and the result was another book, 'Scouting for Boys', which had less emphasis on the military. To test his ideas, he held a week-long camp for 21 boys from various schools in London, Poole, and Bournemouth. This took place in August 1907, on Brownsea Island, in Southern England. These boys had the chance to enjoy the outdoors, which became another of the movement's objectives.
(3) The Scout Movement quickly got established in Europe. It then spread throughout the world, starting in Chile in 1909. To begin with, the focus was on boys aged 11 to 18. However, as the movement grew, it was clear that younger boys, older boys, and girls all wanted to be involved too. Baden-Powell's sister set up the Girl Guides in 1910, and in 1914 she started Rosebuds, later renamed Brownies, for younger girls. The movement's intention to help young people play useful roles in society applies equally to girls and boys. By 2010, there were 32 million scouts, and by 2006, there were 10 million guides around the world, from a total of 216 different countries.
(4) 2007 marked 100 years of the Scout Movement, and events took place around the world to celebrate this centenary. To mark the occasion, a colorful badge was produced for scouts to sew onto their uniforms or bags. The design included the official scout emblem, as well as the phrase, 'one world one promise', and images of doves and the globe.
(5) 2007 was also the 150th anniversary of Baden-Powell's birth. To honor both occasions, a flame was lit at Baden-Powell's grave in Nyeri. This is the place in Kenya where he spent the last few years of his life. The flame was then carried through several countries until it reached the UK.
Question-Answer
Answer the following questions based on your reading of the above passage:
Infer one reason for the following, based on the information given in paragraph 4:
'Colorful badge was sewn on to the uniform and bags of the Scouts'.
Answer: The colorful badge was sewn onto the uniforms and bags of the Scouts to celebrate 100 years of the Scout Movement, marking its centenary in 2007.From paragraph 1, we can infer that Scout Movement was set up to...
Answer: The Scout Movement was set up to help young people achieve their full potential as they grow up.Complete the following analogy correctly with a word/phrase from paragraph 4:
10 years decade : 100 years : ____________
Answer: CentenaryAfter reading the passage, bring a contrast between the books 'Aids to Scouting' and 'Scouting for Boys'.
Answer: 'Aids to Scouting' had a strong emphasis on military aspects and survival skills, while 'Scouting for Boys' focused less on military aspects and more on general scouting skills and outdoor activities.What does the writer mean by the following phrase?
'One world one promise.'
Answer: The phrase 'One world one promise' symbolizes the unity and shared values of Scouts around the world, reflecting their commitment to the same ideals and promises despite cultural differences.According to the chart, which country took the maximum time to introduce 'Guiding' after 'Scouting'? Choose your answer from the options given below:
(A) India
(B) Indonesia
(C) Thailand
(D) Philippines
Answer: (C) ThailandList two reasons why a flame was lit at Baden-Powell's grave in 2007.
(a) To honor the 150th anniversary of Baden-Powell's birth.
(b) To mark the centenary of the Scout Movement.
Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option:
The establishment of the Scout movement from 1907 to 2006 showed ____________ results.
(A) uniform
(B) encouraging
(C) inconsistent
(D) disappointing
Answer: (B) encouraging
Section B: Grammar and Creative Writing Skills (20 Marks)
GRAMMAR
Complete any TEN of the following twelve tasks, as directed.
(i) Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter.
Sir,
Attached is the invoice that _________ (detail) the expenses incurred during the team's business trip to Tribogh.
(ii) Read the given sentence from a recipe review article. Identify the error and supply the correction in the sentence.
The upma recipe was so delicious that I couldn't barely stop myself from having a second helping.
Use the given format for your response.
Error: _______
Correction: _______
(iii) Mahi and Pankaj had a conversation about volunteer work. Report Mahi's question.
Mahi: How do you balance your volunteer work with your personal life?
Pankaj: I set a particular time for volunteering and ensure I have enough time for my personal activities.
(iv) Read the dialogue between Rita and Jeetu about a hobby course.
Rita: Why did you decide to take up painting?
Jeetu: I view painting as a form of self-expression and relaxation.
Select the option to complete the reporting of the above dialogue.
Rita asked Jeetu why he had decided to take up painting. Jeetu calmly explained that _______ self-expression and relaxation.
(A) he views painting as a form of
(B) he has viewed painting as a form of
(C) he viewed painting as a form of
(D) he is viewing painting as a form of
(v) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete an issued circular by an organization, to its Managers.
Attached is the new company policy on remote work and _______ (it / these / them) should be distributed to all employees as soon as possible.
(vi) Identify the error and supply correction for the given sentence from a technology company's product description.
Our latest software solution is designed for help businesses streamline their operations.
Error: _______
Correction: _______
(vii) Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the public health campaign.
Our goal is to promoting healthier meal choices in schools and at home.
(A) Error: goal | Correction: goals
(B) Error: choices | Correction: choice
(C) Error: in | Correction: at
(D) Error: promoting | Correction: promote
(viii) Complete the given narrative by filling in the blank with the correct option.
My visit to the historical museum left me _______ of our ancestors' struggles and achievements.
(A) being deeply appreciative
(B) was deeply appreciative
(C) been deeply appreciative
(D) to be deeply appreciative
(ix) Report the dialogue between a vendor and his customer, by completing the sentence:
Vendor: It seems like you're in a hurry today!
Customer: Yes, I have to pick up my daughter at school soon.
The vendor noticed his customer's sense of urgency and asked about it. The customer confirmed this and explained that ________.
(x) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the sentence to share the latest update on the school art competition.
Our talented young artists have done us proud once again as our school's art team _______ the top spot in the state-level competition.
(A) won
(B) win
(C) is winning
(D) has win
(xi) Complete the sentence from the song, by filling in the blank with the correct option:
The frosty winter mourns your absence,
The snowflakes and ice _______ your warmth.
The fireplace flickers in longing,
As the cold night awaits your return.
(A) crave
(B) craves
(C) craved
(D) shall crave
(xii) Identify the error and supply the correction for this line from a sociological research paper.
There's a significant correlation of low income and high crime rates.
Error: _______
Correction: _______
SolutionsÂ
Complete any TEN of the following twelve tasks, as directed.
(i) Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter.
Sir,
Attached is the invoice that details (detail) the expenses incurred during the team's business trip to Tribogh.
(ii) Read the given sentence from a recipe review article. Identify the error and supply the correction in the sentence.
The upma recipe was so delicious that I couldn't barely stop myself from having a second helping.
Use the given format for your response.
Error: couldn't barely
Correction: could barely
(iii) Mahi and Pankaj had a conversation about volunteer work. Report Mahi's question.
Mahi asked Pankaj how he balanced his volunteer work with his personal life.
(iv) Read the dialogue between Rita and Jeetu about a hobby course.
Rita: Why did you decide to take up painting?
Jeetu: I view painting as a form of self-expression and relaxation.
Select the option to complete the reporting of the above dialogue.
Rita asked Jeetu why he had decided to take up painting. Jeetu calmly explained that (A) he views painting as a form of self-expression and relaxation.
(v) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete an issued circular by an organization, to its Managers.
Attached is the new company policy on remote work and it should be distributed to all employees as soon as possible.
(vi) Identify the error and supply correction for the given sentence from a technology company's product description.
Our latest software solution is designed for help businesses streamline their operations.
Error: for help
Correction: to help
(vii) Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the public health campaign.
Our goal is to promoting healthier meal choices in schools and at home.
(D) Error: promoting | Correction: promote
(viii) Complete the given narrative by filling in the blank with the correct option.
My visit to the historical museum left me deeply appreciative of our ancestors' struggles and achievements.
(A) being deeply appreciative
(ix) Report the dialogue between a vendor and his customer, by completing the sentence:
Vendor: It seems like you're in a hurry today!
Customer: Yes, I have to pick up my daughter at school soon.
The vendor noticed his customer's sense of urgency and asked about it. The customer confirmed this and explained that he had to pick up his daughter at school soon.
(x) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the sentence to share the latest update on the school art competition.
Our talented young artists have done us proud once again as our school's art team won the top spot in the state-level competition.
(A) won
(xi) Complete the sentence from the song, by filling in the blank with the correct option:
The frosty winter mourns your absence,
The snowflakes and ice crave your warmth.
The fireplace flickers in longing,
As the cold night awaits your return.
(A) crave
(xii) Identify the error and supply the correction for this line from a sociological research paper.
There's a significant correlation of low income and high crime rates.
Error: of
Correction: between
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